
Reagan was born in
Tampico in
Whiteside County, Illinois, reared in
Dixon in
Lee County, Illinois, and educated at
Eureka College in
Eureka, Illinois, with a Bachelor of Arts degree in economics and
sociology. Upon his graduation, Reagan first moved to
Iowa to work as a radio broadcaster and then in 1937 to Los Angeles, California. He began a career as an actor, first in films and later television, appearing in over 50 movie productions and earning enough success to become a famous, publicly recognized figure. Some of his most notable roles are in
Knute Rockne, All American,
Kings Row, and
Bedtime for Bonzo. Reagan served as president of the
Screen Actors Guild, and later spokesman for
General Electric; his start in politics occurred during his work for GE. Originally a member of the
Democratic Party, he began to support
Republican Party candidates in the early 1950s and eventually switched to the
Republican Party in 1962. After delivering
a rousing speech in support of
Barry Goldwater's presidential candidacy in 1964, he was persuaded to seek the California governorship, winning
two years later and
again in 1970. He was defeated in his run for the Republican presidential nomination in
1968 as well as
1976, but won both the nomination and election in
1980, defeating incumbent
Jimmy Carter.
As president, Reagan implemented sweeping new political and economic initiatives. His
supply-side economic policies, dubbed "
Reaganomics", advocated reducing tax rates to spur economic growth, controlling the money supply to reduce inflation, deregulation of the economy, and reducing government spending. In his first term he survived
an assassination attempt, took a hard line against labor unions, and ordered an
invasion of Grenada. He was reelected in a
landslide in 1984, proclaiming that it was "
Morning in America". His second term was primarily marked by foreign matters, such as the ending of the
Cold War, the
1986 bombing of Libya, and the revelation of the
Iran-Contra affair. Publicly describing the Soviet Union as an "
evil empire",
[1] he supported anti-communist movements worldwide and spent his first term forgoing the strategy of
détente by ordering a massive military buildup in an arms race with the USSR. Reagan negotiated with
General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union Mikhail Gorbachev, culminating in the
INF Treaty and the decrease of both countries' nuclear arsenals.